Barrier contraceptives: going beyond the external condom

[Storyteller.]

Barrier contraceptives: going beyond the external condom
By Traci (Coffee.)

A barrier contraceptive method, or shortened simply as a “barrier,” is a method of preventing pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by physically preventing the sharing of fluids and/or skin contact. Because it prevents physical contact, it is thought of to be one of the safest ways to protect oneself from STIs and pregnancy. The most common type of barrier is the external condom, also known as the male or phallic condom, which can be worn around a penis or toy during sexual activity. (For more information about the external condom, check out this article here.) Aside from the external condom, there are many more barriers to choose from for a variety of different sexual activities.

The Internal Condom (Also known as the vaginal or female condom)
Typical uses: Vaginal and sometimes for anal sex, although effectiveness for anal sex is still being researched.
How it is used: The internal condom has two parts: the condom, which is shaped like a larger version of the external condom and is either made out of latex or polyurethane, and the ring, which is a flexible plastic ring. To use it vaginally, place the ring inside of the condom, use an appropriate amount of lube, and the person with the vagina typically uses their fingers to put the condom inside of their body, getting the ring up against the cervix. The outside of the condom then is placed over the labia for intercourse. For anal use, the ring is not used, and the condom is carefully placed inside the rectum by the individual it is going inside of after being properly lubricated. The condom is taken out immediately after intercourse, particularly before the individual stands, and is disposed of after each use.

The Dental Dam
Typical uses: Oral sex, particularly of the vulva or the anus.
How it is used: The dental dam is a stretchy piece of latex, or non-latex material such as polyurethane, that is laid over the vulva or anus for oral sex. To use, first, hold up to the light to check for any holes. Then, apply any necessary lubricant, making sure that it is not oil-based lubricant as this degrades the material, but instead, a silicone or water-based lubricant. Lubrication increases the sensation between the latex and the skin. Make sure that the dam is never flipped over, since this would allow the exchange between the oral and genital fluids that the dam is supposed to prevent. Last, dispose in a garbage can, and as other barriers, dental dams are not reusable.

Gloves or Finger Cots
Typical uses: Manual stimulation, touching, fingering.
How it is used: If a partner has cuts on their hand, in order to prevent any STI transmission between the genitals and the bloodstream, a finger cot or glove can be used. A finger cot is a small piece of plastic or latex that is worn over individual fingers; they are very often used in food service. One can buy them online or in some local stores; occasionally, pharmacies will carry them as well. If one is unable to find these, there are always gloves, which are simply regular thin latex gloves that can be bought at most local stores such as pharmacies or even grocery stores. It is also possible to find non-latex versions for those with latex allergies, which can be made out of a variety of different materials such as vinyl or nitrile. Some do not prefer gloves because they can feel more binding; however, it is always possible to make them part of a couple's routine. To use these barriers, before beginning manual stimulation, dress the hands with the gloves or necessary fingers with the finger cots. Make sure that the gloves or cots are never taken off and then put on inside out, as this will allow contact with fluids. Last, dispose of the barriers into a garbage can, and do not reuse.

Other Barriers
Some other contraceptive methods are also considered barriers because they protect against pregnancy by physically blocking the share of fluids, but may not protect against STIs. An example of one of these methods is the diaphragm. A diaphragm is a barrier that is inserted into the vagina to block sperm from getting into the cervix. However, this does not protect against STIs getting into the vaginal canal or onto the vulva. Other barriers like the diaphragm includes the cervical cap and Lea's Shield. Although these barriers are always options for pregnancy prevention, it's important to consider more protective barriers before moving to these.

Using Multiple Methods
It is not suggested that individuals use two barriers during a single sexual act. For example, if a couple has chosen to use external condoms during anal intercourse, it is not recommended that they use two external condoms or an external condom and an internal condom at the same time. While it seems that doubling-up would be beneficial, it actually increases the chance of tearing of one or both of the barriers, increasing chance of pregnancy or STI transmission. However, it's fine to use two different barriers for different acts, such as using a dental dam for oral, then moving to an internal condom for vaginal. It's also a great idea to consider using a hormonal method with a barrier. That way, if a barrier were to break, they would have the hormonal method protecting them against pregnancy. Likewise, if a couple normally use a hormonal contraceptive method, but hadn't been consistent in its administration, it's great to have a barrier for double protection.

It's important that individuals protect themselves and their partner not only from the risk of pregnancy, but also sexually transmitted infections. Having a conversation with one's partner about the variety of barrier methods, along with hormonal contraceptives or abstaining from sexual contact, is a extremely important part of a relationship. There is no single method that can work for everybody, so there's nothing wrong with trying out multiple methods and experimenting! There are so many methods to choose from; the external condom may work for some, the dental dam for others, or combining a barrier with a hormonal method. Alternative barriers offer something for everybody.